Handling bereavement in Danish schools – A system at a crossroad?

Authors

  • Martin Lytje

Keywords:

Bereavement response, Death of a parent, Social support, School responses

Abstract

Abstract

The bereavement response system used in Danish schools has developed differently from those in other European nations. At its heart lies the bereavement response plan, which 96% of all schools today use on a voluntary basis. Through a timeline interview with one participant and a focus group interview with three participants, this study explores how the Danish system has been influenced by the teachers using it in a particular school context. Interviews identify that in-school revisions of the bereavement response plan seem to occur isolated from advances made within academia. The article concludes that the current system has begun to transform into something different than was originally intended. While it is difficult to conclude whether such a change is for the better or worse, it remains problematic that no organisation seems to be in control of the current direction the system is taking.

References

Adriansen HK (2012). Timeline interviews: a tool for conducting life history research. Qualitative Studies 3(1) 40–55.

Bøge P, Dige J (1996). OmSorg Når nogen man elsker dør (6.-8. kl.). The Danish Cancer Society.

Bøge P, Dige J (2000). OmSorg Når hjertet gør ondt (bh.-2. kl.). The Danish Cancer Society.

Bøge P, Dige J, Grønbeck C (1998). OmSorg handleplan. The Danish Cancer Society.

The British Psychological Society (2009). Code of ethics and conduct. Guidance published by the Ethics Committee of the British Psychological Society.

Cullberg J (1975). Kris och utveckling: en psykoanalytisk och socialpsykiatrisk studie. Stockholm: Natur och kultur.

Cullberg J (2006). Crisis and development. Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.

Dyregrov A (1985). Alvorlig sykdom og død i familien. Sykepleien 72 6–11.

Dyregrov A (1988). The loss of a child. The siblings’ perspective. In: J Kumar & IF Brockington Motherhood and mental illness II. London: Wright

Dyregrov A & Raundalen M (1994). Sorg og omsorg i skolen. Bergen: Magnat forlag.

Dyregrov A & Yule W (2008). Grief in children: a handbook for adults. London: Jessica Kingsley.

Farquhar C & Das R (1999). Are focus groups suitable for ‘sensitive’ topics? In: R Barbour, J Kitzinger. Developing focus group research: politics, theory and practice. London: Sage, 47–64.

Finch H & Lewis J (2003). Focus groups. In J Ritchie, J Lewis Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage. 170–198.

Gillies J Neimeyer RA (2006). Loss, grief, and the search for significance: toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. Journal of Constructivist Psychology 19(1) 31–65.

Holland J (1993). Child bereavement in Humberside primary schools. Educational Research 35(3) 289–297.

Holland J (2000). Secondary schools and pupil loss by parental bereavement and parental relationship separations. Pastoral Care in Education 18(4) 33–39.

Holland J (2001). Understanding children's experiences of parental bereavement. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Holland J (2008). How schools can support children who experience loss and death. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 36(4) 411–424.

Hunter SB, Smith DE (2008). Predictors of children's understandings of death: age, cognitive ability, death experience and maternal communicative competence. OMEGA Journal of Death and Dying 57(2) 143–162.

Jacobsen B (2008). Invitation to existential psychology: a psychology for the unique human being and its applications in therapy (1st ed). New York: Wiley-Interscience.

Kitzinger J (2006). Focus groups with users and providers of health care. In: C Pope, N Mays Qualitative research in health care (3rd edn). London: BMJ Books 21–31.

Krueger RA (2009). Focus groups. a practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Lowton K, Higginson IJ (2003). Managing bereavement in the classroom: a conspiracy of silence? Death Studies 27(8) 717–741.

Lunenberg M, Korthagen F (2009). Experience, theory, and practical wisdom in teaching and teacher education. Teachers and Teaching 15(2) 225–240.

Lytje M (2011). Handling bereavement in the class - a comparative study on Danish and English approaches to bereavement in the school (Master of Philosophy Thesis). Available from: http://www.lytje.org/publications.hmtl.

Lytje M (2012). Handling bereavement in the Danish Folkeskole – a mixed method study on the utilisation of bereavement response plans in Denmark (Master of Arts Thesis). Available from: http://www.lytje.org/publications.hmtl.

Mahon M, Goldberg LR, Washington SK (1999). Discussing death in the classroom: beliefs and experiences of educators and education students. OMEGA: The Journal of Death and Dying 39(2) 99–121.

McGovern M, Barry MM (2000). Death education: knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of Irish parents and teachers. Death Studies 24(4) 325–333.

McGovern M, Tracey A (2010). A comparative examination of schools’ responses to bereavement and the associated needs of the school community in Galway, West of Ireland and Derry, Northern Ireland. Pastoral Care in Education 28(3) 235–252.

OmSorg (2013). Available from: http://www.cancer.dk/omsorg/omsorg.htm [accessed 3 May 2011].

Roberts M (2011). Grief, loss and trauma: frequent visitors to school communities. Grief Matters: The Australian Journal of Grief and Bereavement 14(1) 8.

Rowling L (2003). Grief in school communities: effective support strategies. Open University.

Rowling L (2011). Schools as places of connection, support and security. Grief Matters: The Australian Journal of Grief and Bereavement 14(1) 4.

Skov PS (1999). Jeg har aldrig talt med nogen om min mor. In P Olsen Min mor døde. Min far døde. Copenhagen: Kroghs forlag 56–61.

Speece MW, Brent SB (1992). The acquisition of a mature understanding of three components of the concept of death. Death Studies 16(3) 211–229.

Stroebe MS, Schut H (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. Death Studies 23(3) 197–224.

The Lancet (2013). How and when to help children cope with trauma? The Lancet 381 (9867) 600.

Vaughn S, Schumm JS & Sinagub J (1996). Focus group interviews in education and psychology. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

VIA (2012). Studieordning 2012 - Læreuddannelsen i VIA. VIA. Available at http://www.viauc.dk/laerer/aarhus/Documents/Studieordninger/Almen%20studieordning%20LIA%2021%2006%2012docxhls.pdf

Weiss RS (2001). Grief, bonds, and relationships. In MS Stroebe, RO Hansson, W Stroebe, H Schut (eds.) Handbook of bereavement research: consequences, coping, and care. Washington: American Psychological Association. 47–62

Weiss RS (2008). The nature and causes of grief. In: MS Stroebe, RO Hansson, H Schut and W Stroebe (eds.) Handbook of bereavement research and practice: advances in theory and intervention. Washington: American Psychological Association. 29–44

Weller RA, Weller EB, Fristad MA, Bowes JM (1991). Depression in recently bereaved prepubertal children. American Journal of Psychiatry 148(11) 1536.

Downloads

Published

2013-12-01

Issue

Section

Article